Spy thrillers about and accounts of East-West spying during the Cold War abound, always written from a particular Western political standpoint. Autobiographies relating the stories of former “agents for peace,” on the other hand, are rare. Beatrice Altman-Schevitz’s The Shadow in the Shadow is the only such memoir to be published in English from a woman’s point of view, giving the perspective of a spy for the GDR, the German Democratic Republic.
The Schevitzes’ arrest on May 3, 1994, was the nightmare that unfolded for many of the courageous people on the “invisible front” following the collapse of socialism in Europe and the Soviet Union. They, along with others, were exposed in the spring of 1994 in the course of the investigation into the “Rosenholz” files. They, who had always been so careful to protect their cover and their sources, were now betrayed.
Beatrice’s newly published autobiography tells the extraordinary life story of these two left-wing Americans. Jeffrey, a graduate of the elite Princeton University, “had studied in Berkeley, California, between 1962 and 1969. He was an activist in the free speech movement and very active in the anti-Vietnam War movement in Berkeley and later at Washington University in St. Louis.” Beatrice’s political awakening occurred in Buffalo and the Attica Prison uprising in 1971 and the court case that followed it. “The injustice was too much for me to remain silent.”
In 1976, Jeffrey was offered a two-year teaching post at the John F. Kennedy Institute for North American Studies at the Free University of Berlin (West), and so they moved there from the U.S. Soon, they decided to find out more about what life looked like beyond the Wall. As Beatrice explained to me during our conversation for this review:
“I was not just curious about the GDR, I saw it as an experiment worthy of support. A socialist experiment, like Cuba was, like Chile had tried for and was destroyed. Sanctions like we see against Russia today are designed to ruin a country. From 1946 to 1990, the CIA was never going to allow this experiment to succeed and did so much to destroy it wherever people attempted to build socialism. Jeffrey and I felt the GDR had attained great accomplishments despite the capitalist system’s continued onslaught. So, I was more than just curious in 1977. I wanted to be part of this and support it.”
Following meetings and long conversations with U.S. and British ex-patriate contacts living in East Berlin, they were recruited into the GDR’s Intelligence Agency, trained in espionage, and began their work. For just over twelve years, from 1977 until the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, Beatrice and Jeff acquired and passed on sensitive information. With his distinguished academic background, Jeff found prestigious jobs at the German Council on Foreign Relations in Bonn and at the Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center, where he was able to establish sources who had access to material of interest in Bonn and other industrial locations.
These sources believed to the end that they were helping to supply details to the Washington-based consulting firm International Energy Associates Limited (IEAL). In this way, Jeff protected them also for the eventuality that he might be exposed.
The Schevitzes supplied much data, especially via their source “Caesar,” with access to the Federal Chancellery. Of key interest to the GDR was the Western government’s position on nuclear energy, high-tech sanctions against the GDR, rearmament, and the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. Also vital was who were the supporters and who the opponents of NATO’s 1979 decision to station Cruise and Pershing II nuclear missiles in Germany. A second source, from the Green Party, provided inside knowledge regarding the influence of the then young opposition party on security and peace policy. In relation to this work, the author told me:
“Our task was to describe all the different shades of opinion in the Chancellor’s office and various ministries in Bonn, to write up all the diverse positions in the Bonn government between 1980 and 1990: security issues, the non-proliferation of nuclear fuel and weapons. Further puzzle pieces came from other agents. Rainer Rupp was of course in the NATO headquarters. We were just in Bonn.”
Nevertheless, as Der Spiegel reported in an extensive interview with the Schevitz couple, Helmut Müller-Enbergs, secret service expert and political scientist at the Danish University of Odense, who worked intensively on the “Rosenholz files,” found a special Stasi file that contained an “eternal list of the best spies” compiled for the GDR’s external intelligence section, officially known as HVA Department I/1. It showed the “Schevitz couple occupied second place there.”
Beatrice herself was not only tasked with photographing documents, decoding radio information, and acting as courier. She sought positions in workplaces that would also yield useful insights for the GDR: in the South African embassy in Bonn and later working as a social worker on a Karlsruhe U.S. military base. The author writes informatively about both jobs and reveals the close ties the West German government had with the apartheid regime, as well as giving readers an insight into the daily lives and problems confronting the families of U.S. GIs, including literacy issues and domestic violence.
Beatrice writes this story from her perspective as a woman. She tells readers about her childhood in Buffalo and her Jewish family background, of her parents’ shock that she would be going to Germany: “for my parents, the country was still Nazi Germany…they never wanted to stand on German soil, they would never visit me there. I could understand that.” The focus on her specifically female experience is never far from the heart of the narrative. She writes about pursuing her ambition to complete her academic degree with truly impressive determination. It is humbling to read how many obstacles Beatrice faced, how she put on hold her ambition to earn a degree in the interest of peace. The author also commends without reservations her treatment as a complete equal by the GDR Intelligence officers. In the South African embassy, however, other rules applied. The white supremacists were also male supremacists.
Beatrice’s mother’s antipathy to Germany resurfaces when she eventually does visit and Bea takes her to see the former concentration camp site in Dachau, or when she visits to support Beatrice and Jeff during the trial period. We read:
“Then I told Judge Maier that my mother would be coming to Germany on May 10. This visit had been planned, booked, and paid for since Christmas. I explained to him how afraid she was of Germany and the Germans because the horrors of the Nazis were still very much in her mind. She would come here anyway, and I wanted to have this contact with her, especially now. Judge Maier was speechless.”
Other, more personal aspects of life naturally feed into the story – some stressful, at times traumatic incidences, as well as children, happiness, support, friendship, and love. These complete the roundedness of the autobiography, and a sense of real people living real lives emerges. On a few occasions, Jeffrey contributes his experience of aspects of their shared life. This happens in particular toward the end of the memoir, following the couple’s exposure and his time in prison, as well as regarding his defense strategy for their trial, an approach that saved them from long prison sentences.
Why did Beatrice decide to publish her memoirs? A first motivation was when she reached retirement age during the COVID-19 pandemic: She wanted to impart her life experience, which had been a complete secret to her family until 2020. She wished to explain on her own ground the reasons behind her and Jeffrey’s decision to work for the secret service of a socialist state. Above all, the couple strove to do everything in their power to help stop a third world war. As the book shows, they risked and sacrificed a great deal in pursuit of this goal.
A second important reason for writing her autobiography was that Beatrice hoped to show by example that everybody who wishes to live in peace and to help prevent war must examine their own possibilities. What once meant espionage in her case, is now campaigning for peace by exposing the machinations of NATO and the U.S.-led war machine. She and Jeff remain active in this cause and by telling their story, Beatrice hopes to inspire and encourage others to continue the struggle in whatever way is open to them.
The Shadow in the Shadow is available for purchase online.
Beatrice Altman-Schevitz
The Shadow in the Shadow: A U.S.-American Woman Working as an East German Undercover Agent to Prevent a Hot War
Verlag Das Freie Buch, 2024, 256 pp., paperback
ISBN: 3942876116, 9783942876117
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